linux/drivers/iommu/amd/nested.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
 * Copyright (C) 2025 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
 */

#define dev_fmt(fmt)	"AMD-Vi: " fmt

#include <linux/iommu.h>
#include <linux/refcount.h>
#include <uapi/linux/iommufd.h>

#include "amd_iommu.h"

static const struct iommu_domain_ops nested_domain_ops;

static inline struct nested_domain *to_ndomain(struct iommu_domain *dom)
{
	return container_of(dom, struct nested_domain, domain);
}

/*
 * Validate guest DTE to make sure that configuration for host (v1)
 * and guest (v2) page tables are valid when allocating nested domain.
 */
static int validate_gdte_nested(struct iommu_hwpt_amd_guest *gdte)
{
	u32 gpt_level = FIELD_GET(DTE_GPT_LEVEL_MASK, gdte->dte[2]);

	/* Must be zero: Mode, Host-TPR */
	if (FIELD_GET(DTE_MODE_MASK, gdte->dte[0]) != 0 ||
	    FIELD_GET(DTE_HOST_TRP, gdte->dte[0]) != 0)
		return -EINVAL;

	/* GCR3 TRP must be non-zero if V, GV is set */
	if (FIELD_GET(DTE_FLAG_V, gdte->dte[0]) == 1 &&
	    FIELD_GET(DTE_FLAG_GV, gdte->dte[0]) == 1 &&
	    FIELD_GET(DTE_GCR3_14_12, gdte->dte[0]) == 0 &&
	    FIELD_GET(DTE_GCR3_30_15, gdte->dte[1]) == 0 &&
	    FIELD_GET(DTE_GCR3_51_31, gdte->dte[1]) == 0)
		return -EINVAL;

	/* Valid Guest Paging Mode values are 0 and 1 */
	if (gpt_level != GUEST_PGTABLE_4_LEVEL &&
	    gpt_level != GUEST_PGTABLE_5_LEVEL)
		return -EINVAL;

	/* GLX = 3 is reserved */
	if (FIELD_GET(DTE_GLX, gdte->dte[0]) == 3)
		return -EINVAL;

	/*
	 * We need to check host capability before setting
	 * the Guest Paging Mode
	 */
	if (gpt_level == GUEST_PGTABLE_5_LEVEL &&
	    amd_iommu_gpt_level < PAGE_MODE_5_LEVEL)
		return -EOPNOTSUPP;

	return 0;
}

static void *gdom_info_load_or_alloc_locked(struct xarray *xa, unsigned long index)
{
	struct guest_domain_mapping_info *elm, *res;

	elm = xa_load(xa, index);
	if (elm)
		return elm;

	xa_unlock(xa);
	elm = kzalloc_obj(struct guest_domain_mapping_info);
	xa_lock(xa);
	if (!elm)
		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

	res = __xa_cmpxchg(xa, index, NULL, elm, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (xa_is_err(res))
		res = ERR_PTR(xa_err(res));

	if (res) {
		kfree(elm);
		return res;
	}

	refcount_set(&elm->users, 0);
	return elm;
}

/*
 * This function is assigned to struct iommufd_viommu_ops.alloc_domain_nested()
 * during the call to struct iommu_ops.viommu_init().
 */
struct iommu_domain *
amd_iommu_alloc_domain_nested(struct iommufd_viommu *viommu, u32 flags,
			      const struct iommu_user_data *user_data)
{
	int ret;
	struct nested_domain *ndom;
	struct guest_domain_mapping_info *gdom_info;
	struct amd_iommu_viommu *aviommu = container_of(viommu, struct amd_iommu_viommu, core);

	if (user_data->type != IOMMU_HWPT_DATA_AMD_GUEST)
		return ERR_PTR(-EOPNOTSUPP);

	ndom = kzalloc_obj(*ndom);
	if (!ndom)
		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

	ret = iommu_copy_struct_from_user(&ndom->gdte, user_data,
					  IOMMU_HWPT_DATA_AMD_GUEST,
					  dte);
	if (ret)
		goto out_err;

	ret = validate_gdte_nested(&ndom->gdte);
	if (ret)
		goto out_err;

	ndom->gdom_id = FIELD_GET(DTE_DOMID_MASK, ndom->gdte.dte[1]);
	ndom->domain.ops = &nested_domain_ops;
	ndom->domain.type = IOMMU_DOMAIN_NESTED;
	ndom->viommu = aviommu;

	/*
	 * Normally, when a guest has multiple pass-through devices,
	 * the IOMMU driver setup DTEs with the same stage-2 table and
	 * use the same host domain ID (hDomId). In case of nested translation,
	 * if the guest setup different stage-1 tables with same PASID,
	 * IOMMU would use the same TLB tag. This will results in TLB
	 * aliasing issue.
	 *
	 * The guest is assigning gDomIDs based on its own algorithm for managing
	 * cache tags of (DomID, PASID). Within a single viommu, the nest parent domain
	 * (w/ S2 table) is used by all DTEs. But we need to consistently map the gDomID
	 * to a single hDomID. This is done using an xarray in the vIOMMU to
	 * keep track of the gDomID mapping. When the S2 is changed, the INVALIDATE_IOMMU_PAGES
	 * command must be issued for each hDomID in the xarray.
	 */
	xa_lock(&aviommu->gdomid_array);

	gdom_info = gdom_info_load_or_alloc_locked(&aviommu->gdomid_array, ndom->gdom_id);
	if (IS_ERR(gdom_info)) {
		xa_unlock(&aviommu->gdomid_array);
		ret = PTR_ERR(gdom_info);
		goto out_err;
	}

	/* Check if gDomID exist */
	if (refcount_inc_not_zero(&gdom_info->users)) {
		ndom->gdom_info = gdom_info;
		xa_unlock(&aviommu->gdomid_array);

		pr_debug("%s: Found gdom_id=%#x, hdom_id=%#x\n",
			  __func__, ndom->gdom_id, gdom_info->hdom_id);

		return &ndom->domain;
	}

	/* The gDomID does not exist. We allocate new hdom_id */
	gdom_info->hdom_id = amd_iommu_pdom_id_alloc();
	if (gdom_info->hdom_id <= 0) {
		__xa_cmpxchg(&aviommu->gdomid_array,
			     ndom->gdom_id, gdom_info, NULL, GFP_ATOMIC);
		xa_unlock(&aviommu->gdomid_array);
		ret = -ENOSPC;
		goto out_err_gdom_info;
	}

	ndom->gdom_info = gdom_info;
	refcount_set(&gdom_info->users, 1);

	xa_unlock(&aviommu->gdomid_array);

	pr_debug("%s: Allocate gdom_id=%#x, hdom_id=%#x\n",
		 __func__, ndom->gdom_id, gdom_info->hdom_id);

	return &ndom->domain;

out_err_gdom_info:
	kfree(gdom_info);
out_err:
	kfree(ndom);
	return ERR_PTR(ret);
}

static void set_dte_nested(struct amd_iommu *iommu, struct iommu_domain *dom,
			   struct iommu_dev_data *dev_data, struct dev_table_entry *new)
{
	struct protection_domain *parent;
	struct nested_domain *ndom = to_ndomain(dom);
	struct iommu_hwpt_amd_guest *gdte = &ndom->gdte;
	struct pt_iommu_amdv1_hw_info pt_info;

	/*
	 * The nest parent domain is attached during the call to the
	 * struct iommu_ops.viommu_init(), which will be stored as part
	 * of the struct amd_iommu_viommu.parent.
	 */
	if (WARN_ON(!ndom->viommu || !ndom->viommu->parent))
		return;

	parent = ndom->viommu->parent;
	amd_iommu_make_clear_dte(dev_data, new);

	/* Retrieve the current pagetable info via the IOMMU PT API. */
	pt_iommu_amdv1_hw_info(&parent->amdv1, &pt_info);

	/*
	 * Use domain ID from nested domain to program DTE.
	 * See amd_iommu_alloc_domain_nested().
	 */
	amd_iommu_set_dte_v1(dev_data, parent, ndom->gdom_info->hdom_id,
			     &pt_info, new);

	/* GV is required for nested page table */
	new->data[0] |= DTE_FLAG_GV;

	/* Guest PPR */
	new->data[0] |= gdte->dte[0] & DTE_FLAG_PPR;

	/* Guest translation stuff */
	new->data[0] |= gdte->dte[0] & (DTE_GLX | DTE_FLAG_GIOV);

	/* GCR3 table */
	new->data[0] |= gdte->dte[0] & DTE_GCR3_14_12;
	new->data[1] |= gdte->dte[1] & (DTE_GCR3_30_15 | DTE_GCR3_51_31);

	/* Guest paging mode */
	new->data[2] |= gdte->dte[2] & DTE_GPT_LEVEL_MASK;
}

static int nested_attach_device(struct iommu_domain *dom, struct device *dev,
				struct iommu_domain *old)
{
	struct dev_table_entry new = {0};
	struct iommu_dev_data *dev_data = dev_iommu_priv_get(dev);
	struct amd_iommu *iommu = get_amd_iommu_from_dev_data(dev_data);
	int ret = 0;

	/*
	 * Needs to make sure PASID is not enabled
	 * for this attach path.
	 */
	if (WARN_ON(dev_data->pasid_enabled))
		return -EINVAL;

	mutex_lock(&dev_data->mutex);

	set_dte_nested(iommu, dom, dev_data, &new);

	amd_iommu_update_dte(iommu, dev_data, &new);

	mutex_unlock(&dev_data->mutex);

	return ret;
}

static void nested_domain_free(struct iommu_domain *dom)
{
	struct guest_domain_mapping_info *curr;
	struct nested_domain *ndom = to_ndomain(dom);
	struct amd_iommu_viommu *aviommu = ndom->viommu;

	xa_lock(&aviommu->gdomid_array);

	if (!refcount_dec_and_test(&ndom->gdom_info->users)) {
		xa_unlock(&aviommu->gdomid_array);
		return;
	}

	/*
	 * The refcount for the gdom_id to hdom_id mapping is zero.
	 * It is now safe to remove the mapping.
	 */
	curr = __xa_cmpxchg(&aviommu->gdomid_array, ndom->gdom_id,
			    ndom->gdom_info, NULL, GFP_ATOMIC);

	xa_unlock(&aviommu->gdomid_array);
	if (WARN_ON(!curr || xa_err(curr)))
		return;

	/* success */
	pr_debug("%s: Free gdom_id=%#x, hdom_id=%#x\n",
		__func__, ndom->gdom_id, curr->hdom_id);

	amd_iommu_pdom_id_free(ndom->gdom_info->hdom_id);
	kfree(curr);
	kfree(ndom);
}

static const struct iommu_domain_ops nested_domain_ops = {
	.attach_dev = nested_attach_device,
	.free = nested_domain_free,
};